Kodachrome

Title Webpage 700


The iconic film for collectors

'They give us those nice bright colors
They give us the greens of summers
Makes you think all the world’s a sunny day,
Oh yeah'
- Paul Simon

We don’t know of any other film brand that also became the title of a hit song like Paul Simon’s 'Kodachrome', released in 1973. But that is not all that makes Kodachrome unique among 35mm color films, as many of you who have collections of Kodachrome slides know. Besides reproducing the color of reality with a unique color palette, Kodachrome has also proven to be much more enduring than other color films. Any collection of Kodachrome slides stored in reasonably good conditions will have its original color and density very much intact, like some of our slides that go back 80 years.

Zoggavia collection wouldn't be in existence without Kodachrome. The oldest slide dates back to 1939, and it was not later than June 2009 when the production of Kodachrome ended. 90% of the slides in the collection are Kodachrome. 

Kodachrome in brief

The additive methods of color photography, such as Autochrome and Dufaycolor, were the first practical color processes; however, these had disadvantages. The réseau filter was made from discrete color elements visible upon enlargement. The finished transparencies absorbed between 70% and 80% of light upon projection, requiring very bright projection lamps, especially for large projections. These disadvantages concerning light absorption improved when using the subtractive method.

Kodak 1939

Kodachrome was invented in the early 1930s by two professional musicians, Leopold Godowsky, Jr. and Leopold Mannes, hence the comment that God and Man-made Kodachrome. It was first sold in 1935 as a 16mm movie film, and in 1936 it was made available in 8mm movie film and slide film in both 35mm and 828 formats. Kodachrome would eventually be produced in various film formats, including 120 and 4x5, and ISO/ASA values ranging from 8 to 200.

Kodachrome - aviation and transportation art photography

This section introduces you to the many aviators using a different types of oil. We have collected information from some artists and the slides which proudly represent them. 

PHOTO_NC25602_LODESTAR_MID_CONTINENT_AIRLINES_20110619_17

4 x 5 Kodachrome from 1945 - click on the image for more 4 x 5 slides of that time.

We suggest keeping aviation a little closer to home with their masterpieces even with digital photography.

Kodachrome mounts 1939 - 2009

Kodakmounts All 800

Information around Kodachrome

Kodachrome Characteristics
Information on emulsion, archival stability, scanning processing and product time line for Kodachrome II, 25 and 64

Kodachrome - Technical data
Kodak data sheet about the Kodachrome 25, 64, and 200.

Handling and preservation of color slides collections
Information on how long a Kodachrome slide should be used in a projector, or what are the storage conditions to preserve the colors from fading.

Discover over 80 years of history of both aviation photography and Kodachrome.

Kodachrome 1939

Original "Kodachrome" with stamped number (many examples known without number)
April 1939 - May 1949

1939

At first, the processed film was not mounted by Kodak. Photographers were expected to mount their films, Kodak introduced a projector for them in February 1937, and Kodak glass slide mounts were introduced in April 1937. Pressboard mounts were announced in February 1939 as being standard on all processing effective April 1, 1939.

The Pan American Boeing B314 Clipper NC18602, seen in San Francisco, is an excellent and rare Kodachrome example in a cardboard mount dated as early as 1939, Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 1943 700

Original "Kodachrome" with stamped number 
April 1939 - May 1949

1943

Early Kodachrome, made in the first few years of production, used the date code symbols of the Kodak movie film.

TWA Douglas DC-3 NC18945 pictured at San Francisco on 17 April 1943, Clinton H. Groves via Zoggavia collection.

Kodachrome 1947 700

Original "Kodachrome" without number
April 1939 - May 1949

1947

This image shows a well-preserved cardboard mount of high quality.

Pan American World Airways L749 N86520 'Clipper America' pictured on arrival from its first 'Round-the-World Service' at San Francisco in June 1947, Zoggavia Collection.


Kodachrome 1954 700

"Kodachrome / Transparency" & number mount made in England
May 1952 - Aug 1955

1954

"Consent Decree Kodachrome" after June 1954. Kodak did all processing on Kodachrome until courts decreed it a monopoly. Initially, Kodak sold the film and processed it together, and the customer paid for both when they bought the film. After the decision, Kodachrome was sold as film, and independent laboratories or Kodak could do the processing. After this date, Kodachromes processed by Kodak say so on the mount.

Swiss Air Lines Douglas DC-6B HB-IBU serviced at Zurich-Kloten airport in summer 1954, Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 1956 700

"Kodachrome / Transparency / Processed by Kodak" & inked number Aug 1955 - July 57

1956

Kodak changed the imprint because other labs began offering Kodachrome processing, which Eastman Kodak had only done.

TWA L049 Constellation N86514 in 1956, Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 1958 700

"Kodachrome / Transparency/ Processed by / Technicolor" on gray mount November 1958

1958

Technicolor labs; is a collection of film laboratories across the world owned and run by Technicolor for post-production services, including developing, printing, and transferring films in all major developing processes, as well as Technicolor's proprietary ones. (1922 - present)

Transocean L1049 N1880 at Oakland, CA November 1958, Clinton H. Groves via Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 195805 700

"Kodachrome / Transparency / Processed By Kodak" inked number, stamped date June 58 - Sept 61 (Note stamp below "Made in USA")

1958

Eastman Kodak introduced brand colors, a yellow and red corner, and the cardboard used to be in natural white.

Airport scene at Amsterdam airport with Connies, DC-7s, and DC-3s. Zoggavia Collection.


Kodachrome 196112 700

"Kodachrome / Transparency" on white mount from unknown processor 1961

1961

Introduction of Kodachrome II film in 1961, known as maybe the best slide film of all times

Example of an unknown processor of Kodachrome slide film. Most probably developed in Hawaii.

Slick L1049H Super Constellation during a stop en route from the West Coast to the Pacific region. Summer 1961, Clinton H. Groves via Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 1963 700

"Kodachrome / Transparency / Processed by Kodak" inked number, stamped date June 58 - Sept 61 (Note stamp below "Made in England")

1963

Kodak produced the Kodachrome II film in the United Kingdom and France to meet European demand for the film.

Bristol Br.170 Freighter at Ronaldsway, Isle of Man, UK, July 1963, Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 196307 700

"Kodachrome / Transparency/ Processed by / Technicolor" on white mount, inked number, no date stamp

1963

Technicolor developed the Kodachrome slide dated July 1963.

Paradise Airlines L049 Constellation is basking in the Californian Sun, July 1963, Clinton H. Groves via Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 1966 700

"Kodachrome / Transparency / Processed By Kodak" stamped number & stamped date 1965 - 1966 "Made in USA" printed in yellow

1966

Similar mount and Kodak brand logo like earlier seen.

SP-LVC LOT Vickers Viscount series 700 photographed at Zurich-Kloten, March 1966, Guido E. Bühlmann via Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 1968 700

"Kodachrome / Transparency / Processed By Kodak" stamped number & date 1967 - 1972 "Made In USA" & patent Number printed in yellow

1968

The famous "corner curl" trademark began to shrink in late 1966, with the imprinted Eastman Kodak patent number 3.1013.364. 

G-ANBF Britannia Airways Bristol Br. 175 Britannia Series 100 seen at Zurich-Kloten, December 1968. Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 1973 700

"Kodachrome / Diapositiv / Entwickelt von Kodak" inked number & date 1972 - 1974 stamped "Made in USA"

1973

Kodak dropped the "curled corner" trademark and introduced a new Kodak logo in the 2nd half of 1972. Besides, the Americas Kodachrome films were also produced in European countries, like Germany, France, and United Kingdom.and introduced a new Kodak logo in the 2nd half of 1972. 

Lufthansa Boeing B747 D-ABYA c/n 19746 'Nordrhein-Westfalen' was the first Jumbo Jet delivered to Lufthansa on 10 March 1970, just three years after the last Super Constellation operation. Frankfurt March 1973, Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 197306 700

"Diapositive / Kodachrome / Traité en France par Kodak" inked number & stamped date 1972 - 1974

1973

Example of a French Kodak mount. On some mounts, a red + was stamped, meaning that the new development process K-14 was used as Kodak switched from KII (which used the K-12 process) to Kodachrome 25 and 64.

Delta Air Transport DC-6B OO-LVG seen at Paris Le Bourget, June 1973, Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 1974 700

"Kodachrome / Transparency / Processed By Kodak" stamped number & date 1972 - 1974 stamped "Made in USA"

1974

Standard Kodachrome II 25 ASA film. Kodachrome was at its peak quality-wise; a fine grain, great colors, and contrast, even when underexposed, the slide showed superior results.

A common sight at European Airports then, Delta Air Transport DC-6B OO-VGK, seen at Vienna, Austria, September 1974, Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 1981 700

"Kodachrome / Slide / Processed By Kodak" stamped number & date 1980 - 1983

1981

Kodak slightly revised the design of the classic white cardboard mount just before the edges became rounded for better handling in projectors.

One of the last take-off pictures of this classic swing tail DC-6A/C of Kar-Air Finland on its twice-weekly freight run to London Heathrow and Amsterdam, Helsinki August 1981, Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 1984 700

"Kodachrome / Slide/ Processed By Kodak" inked number & date 1983 - 1986 stamped "Made in Australia"

1984

Sometime after 1980/1981, mounts began to appear with round corners, making it easier to insert the slide into projector trays. The red "+" also disappeared as all films were developed with the K-14 process.

A new Kodak logo was introduced again in this mount design launched in 1983, developed and framed in Australia.

CX-BOP Boeing B737 of Pluna, taken October 1984, Zoggavia Collection

Kodachrome 1985 700

"Kodachrome / Slide / Processed By Kodak" inked number 1983 - 1986

1985

Since 1983, the "new" corporate logo started to undergo many variations because of the business agreements in various parts of the world, and designs surfaced that more or less integrated the symbol within other symbolic shapes. Kodak slightly changed the position of the Kodak logo on this frame.

B-2625 Boeing B737 in the colors of Far Eastern Air Transport photographed in 1985, Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 198511 700

"Kodachrome / Slide / Processed By Kodak" inked number and date 1983 - 1986 "Made in Australia"

1985

Again an Australian Kodachrome mount, this time in black and red colors.

RP-C1866 Boeing B707 of Samoa Air taken at Manila, November 1985, Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 1989 700

"Diapositive / Kodachrome / traité par Kodak" stamped number & date 1986 - 1988

1989

In 1989 there were up to 3 different mount designs in use. Here is a slide developed in France.

N997CF Douglas DC-8-62 CF Air Freight taken January 1989, Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 1990 700

"Kodachrome / Film / Kodalux Processing Services" inked number & date 1989 - 1994

1990

Kodak brought back the yellow color in the next series of mounts. This slide represents a North American development process.

Nice shot of N861TA Douglas DC-6 in the new livery of Universal Airlines, used for freight flights, November 1990, Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 1996 700

"Kodachrome / Film / Kodak Premium Processing" inked number and date 1995 - 2000

1996

Kodak added premium processing to guarantee consistent quality.

9M-MAW leased from Malaysian in World Airways colors, an earlier Lockheed Constellation operator, March 1969, Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 2000 700

"Kodachrome / Kodak" stamped number & date 2000 - 2006

2000

Starting from 2000, Kodak used synthetic material for the standard mount, a PP plastic mount, with the number and date embossed by heat. Cardboard mounts were still available, marked on the right lower corner of the processing pouch "please cardboard mounts" - and it worked perfectly.

An Antonov AN-12 in the colors of Ukraine Cargo Airways, one of the many freighters, at Sharjah, UAE in April 2000 Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 2002 700

"Kodachrome Film / Kodak Picture Processing" stamped number & date 2000 - 2006

2002

Again a cardboard mount, now with Kodak Picture Processing, stamped number, and date.

Sharjah was also known for the older jets, mainly operated by African Enterprises, A6-SAA Boeing B727 series 200 with Trans Air Benin title, November 2002, Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 2003 700

"Kodachrome Film / Slide Processing by Kodak" stamped number & date 2000 - 2006

2003

In 2000, a straightforward design, just plain Kodak in red color, was implemented. Cardboard mount development was in Lausanne, Switzerland, the only laboratory in Europe for Kodachrome 64 film.

G-DEFL Avro Liner, or BA146 operated by British Club Air, seen here at Geneva, July 2003, Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 2006 700

"Kodak" stamped number & date 2006 - 2009

2006

Kodak marked plastic mount, processed by Kodak laboratory in Lausanne.

Already a classic airliner, the Boeing B757, as used by the Airline of Azerbaijan, registered as VP-BBR seen at Frankfurt, July 2006, Zoggavia Collection.

Kodachrome 2009 700

"Kodak" stamped number & date 2006 - 2009

2009

Eventually, the last Kodachrome mount design, cardboard, though sent to Lausanne, the processing took place in the USA.

N836D Douglas DC-7B, being nicely restored by Carlos Gomez of Florida Air Transport and his team, Opa Locka, FL, February 2009, Zoggavia Collection.


Sources: Kodak, Historic Photo Archive, photo.net, and Shutterbug